The Middlemount Mine is an open-cut coal operation located about 90km north-east of Emerald and just west of the township of Middlemount. It is operated by Middlemount Coal, a joint venture between Peabody Energy and Yancoal Australia, each holding a 50 per cent interest.

The mine commenced full production in 2011 and produces a combination of pulverised coal injection (PCI) coal and semi-hard coking coal, both of which are key inputs for steelmaking. Mining is carried out using conventional open-cut truck-and-shovel methods, with coal processed on site before being transported via rail to export terminals such as Dalrymple Bay and Abbot Point.

Middlemount has historically produced several million tonnes of saleable coal per year, with recent output around 2–3 million tonnes annually depending on operating conditions. The operation also has a substantial resource base and has undergone approvals to extend mine life into the 2040s.